# Nairobi

capital city of Kenya

- **page banner**: [Nairobi banner.jpg](<https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nairobi_banner.jpg>) [no reference]
Nairobi (/naɪˈroʊbi/ ⓘ ny-ROH-bee) (Jiji kuu la Nairobi, in Swahili) is the capital and largest city of Kenya, located in the south-central part of the country. As of 2026, it has a population of 5.6 million and a metropolitan population of 15.95 million,[^1] making it the 8th most populous city in Africa and the 4th most populous metropolitan area. The city goes beyond its borders and has expanded into neighbouring counties, making it the 4th largest metropolitan area in Africa.

Nicknamed the "Green City under the Sun", Nairobi is uniquely notable for being the only capital city in the world that hosts a national park within its boundaries. Its name originates from the Maasai phrase Enkare Nyirobi, meaning "place of cool waters".

As the national capital, Nairobi is home to the Kenyan Parliament Buildings, the State House and the Supreme Court Building. It is the major financial and economic hub of East Africa, hosting thousands of Kenyan businesses and international companies and organisations, including the United Nations Environment Programme (UN Environment) and the United Nations Office at Nairobi (UNON). The Nairobi Securities Exchange (NSE) is one of the largest stock exchanges in Africa and the second-oldest exchange on the continent. It is Africa's fourth-largest stock exchange by trading volume, capable of processing 10 million trades a day. Nairobi is considered a global city and was ranked as a "Beta World City" by the Globalisation and World Cities Research Network as of 2024.

Nairobi was founded in 1898 by colonial authorities in British East Africa, as a rail depot on the Uganda–Kenya Railway. The authorities favoured it as an ideal resting place due to its high elevation, temperate climate, and adequate water supply.[^2] The town quickly grew to replace Mombasa as the capital of Kenya in 1907.[^3]

After independence in 1963, Nairobi became the capital of the Republic of Kenya.[^4] During Kenya's early period, the city became a centre for the coffee, tea and sisal industries.[^5][^6] Successive post-independence governments have built and turned Nairobi into a modern metropolitan city with a diverse population and a growing economy.[^7]

Source: [en.wikipedia.org](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nairobi); 211 Wikipedias have an article.

- **image**: [Nairobi, view from KICC.JPG](<https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nairobi,_view_from_KICC.JPG>) [imported from Wikipedia]
- **instance of**: administrative territorial entity of Kenya [no reference], big city [no reference]
- **country**: Kenya[^s1]

## geography

- **coordinate location**: -1.28639, 36.8172 [imported from Wikipedia]
- **locator map image**: [Nairobi County location map.png](<https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nairobi_County_location_map.png>) [no reference]
- **located in the administrative territorial entity**: Nairobi City County [no reference]
- **part of**: Southern Rift Valley [imported from Wikipedia]
- **elevation above sea level**: 1661 metre [imported from Wikipedia]
Nairobi is situated at 1°09′S 36°39′E and 1°27′S 37°06′E and occupies 696 square kilometres (270 sq mi). ([Geography](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nairobi#Geography))

## name

- **official name**: Nairobi (sw) [imported from Wikipedia]
- **native label**: Nairobi (sw) [imported from Wikipedia]
- **demonym**:
  - Nairobien (fr) (masculine singular)[^s2]
  - Nairobienne (fr) (feminine singular)[^s2]
  - Nairobian (en) [no reference]
  - nairobienne (fr) (feminine singular)[^s3]
  - Monairobi (tn) [no reference]
  - nairobien (fr) (masculine singular)[^s3]
  - Najrobiano (eo) [no reference]
- **pronunciation audio**: [Swa-nairobi.ogg](<https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Swa-nairobi.ogg>) [no reference]
- **coat of arms image**: [Coat of Arms of Nairobi.svg](<https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Nairobi.svg>) [imported from Wikipedia]
- **flag image**: [Flag of Nairobi.svg](<https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Nairobi.svg>) [no reference]
- **postal code**: 00100 [no reference]
- **local dialing code**: 020 [imported from Wikipedia]
## government

- **head of government**: Sakaja Johnson (2022 –)[^s4]
- **capital of (former)**: Kenya Colony (1920 – 1963) [no reference]
- **capital of**:
  - Kenya (1963 –) [no reference]
  - Nairobi City County [no reference]
  - Nairobi Province [no reference]
## demography

- **population**: 11 % of Kenya
- **area**: 0.12 % of Kenya

- **population among big city**: rank 1 of 6: Nairobi 5545000, Mombasa 1208333, Kisumu 397957, Nakuru 307990, Eldoret 289380, Machakos 114109
- **elevation above sea level (metre) among big city**: rank 3 of 5: Eldoret 2095, Nakuru 1850, Nairobi 1661, Kisumu 1131, Mombasa 50
- **population (number of people inhabiting the place; number of people of subject)**: 2009: 3138369; 2010: 3240155; 2016: 5545000
- **area**: 696 square kilometre [imported from Wikipedia]
- **language used**:
  - English [no reference]
  - Swahili [no reference]
  - Maasai [no reference]
## economy

- **economy of topic**: economy of Nairobi [no reference]
Nairobi is home to the Nairobi Securities Exchange (NSE), one of Africa's largest stock exchanges. The NSE was officially recognised as an overseas stock exchange by the London Stock Exchange in 1953. The exchange is Africa's fourth largest in terms of trading volumes, and fifth largest in terms of Market Capitalization as a percentage of GDP.[^24] ([Economy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nairobi#Economy))

## relation

- **twinned administrative body**:
  - Rio de Janeiro [no reference]
  - Denver (1975 –) [no reference]
  - Raleigh (2022 –)[^s5]
  - Kunming [no reference]
  - Pingxiang [no reference]
  - Parintins [no reference]
  - Colonia Tovar [no reference]
Nairobi is twinned with:[^40] ([Twin towns and sister cities](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nairobi#Twin_towns_and_sister_cities))

## history

- **inception**: 1899 [no reference]
The site of Nairobi was originally a swamp land occupied by a pastoralist people, the Maasai, the long-distance trader community, Akamba People, as well as the agriculturalist Kikuyu people.[^45] The name Nairobi comes from the Maasai expression meaning 'cool waters'. referring to the cold water stream which flowed through the area.[^46] With the arrival of the Uganda Railway, the site was identified by Sir George Whitehouse for a store depot, shunting ground and camping ground for the Indian labourers working on the railway.[^47][^48] ([History](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nairobi#History))

Topics: [Timeline of Nairobi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_Nairobi)

## multimedia

- **nighttime view**: [Nairobi economic capital of africa.jpg](<https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nairobi_economic_capital_of_africa.jpg>) [no reference]
- **montage image**: [Nairobi Montage A.jpg](<https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nairobi_Montage_A.jpg>) [no reference]
- **aerial view**: [Nairobi Aerial Photo.jpg](<https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nairobi_Aerial_Photo.jpg>) [no reference]
- **video**: [Google Timelapse- Nairobi, Kenya.webm](<https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Google_Timelapse-_Nairobi,_Kenya.webm>) [no reference]
- **Commons category**: [Nairobi](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Nairobi) [no reference]
- **Commons gallery**: [Nairobi](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Nairobi) [imported from Wikipedia]
Nairobi is diverse in African cultures. As a cosmopolitan African city, it hosts all the diverse tribes that make up Kenya, and hosts a large immigrant population from other African countries.[^76][^77][^78] ([Culture](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nairobi#Culture))

Article sections: [Parks and gardens](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nairobi#Parks_and_gardens) · [Political divisions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nairobi#Political_divisions) · [Demographics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nairobi#Demographics) · [Sports](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nairobi#Sports) · [Places of worship](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nairobi#Places_of_worship) · [Education](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nairobi#Education) · [Infrastructure](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nairobi#Infrastructure) · [Crime and law enforcement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nairobi#Crime_and_law_enforcement) · [Media](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nairobi#Media) · [Notable people](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nairobi#Notable_people) · [Pop culture](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nairobi#Pop_culture)

## web presence

- **official website**: [nairobi.go.ke](https://nairobi.go.ke/) [imported from Wikipedia]
- **X (Twitter) username**: [047County](https://x.com/047County) [no reference]
- **Facebook username**: [CountyGovernment047](https://www.facebook.com/CountyGovernment047) [no reference]
- **Instagram username**: [nairobi_citycountygovernment](https://www.instagram.com/nairobi_citycountygovernment/) [no reference]
- **subreddit**: [nairobi](https://www.reddit.com/r/nairobi/) [no reference]
- **Quora topic ID**: [Nairobi-Kenya-1](https://www.quora.com/topic/Nairobi-Kenya-1) [no reference]
- **hashtag**: [Nairobi](https://hashtags-hub.toolforge.org/Nairobi) [no reference]
- **open data portal**: Nairobi open data [no reference]
## reference

Statements: 9 sourced, 12 imported from Wikipedia, 43 without a reference. Labels in en: 74 of 74.

- **described by source**: Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition (1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Nairobi) [no reference]
- **category for people born here**: Category:Births in Nairobi [no reference]
- **category for people who died here**: Category:Deaths in Nairobi [no reference]
- **category of associated people**: Category:People from Nairobi [no reference]
- **on focus list of Wikimedia project**:
  - Wikipedia:List of articles all languages should have [no reference]
  - Wikipedia:Vital articles/Level/4 (2022) [no reference]
- **category for maps or plans**: Category:Maps of Nairobi [no reference]
- **category for the view of the item**: Category:Views of Nairobi [no reference]
- **topic's main category**: Category:Nairobi [no reference]
Projects: wikipedia 211 (this language), wikivoyage 19 (this language), wikinews 5 (this language), wikiquote 3

- **Google News topics ID**: CAAqIQgKIhtDQkFTRGdvSUwyMHZNRFZrTkRrU0FtcGhLQUFQAQ
- **Treccani's Dizionario di Storia ID**: nairobi
- **Naver Encyclopedia ID (pre-August 2026)**: 1074255
- **Proleksis enciklopedija ID**: 38283
- **KBpedia ID**: NairobiArea-Kenya
- **France 24 topic ID (French)**: nairobi
- **archINFORM location ID**: 8464
- **Who's on First ID**: 421174401
- **BlackPast.org ID**: global-african-history/nairobi-kenya
- **Le Figaro tag ID**: Nairobi
- **WordNet 3.1 Synset ID**: 08948355-n
- **museum-digital place ID**: 20868
- **FactGrid item ID**: Q449252
- **iNaturalist place ID**: 10957
- **HASC**: KE.NB
- **Golden ID (archived)**: Nairobi-PJED
- **GitHub topic**: nairobi
- **OpenWeatherMap city ID**: 184745
- **RKD thesaurus ID**: 15689
- **Data Commons ID**: wikidataId/Q3870
- **Wikisimpsons article ID**: 49149
- **WorldCat Entities ID**: E39PBJccgHVhXJcjCxQ6cXJxDq
- **National Historical Museums of Sweden ID**: geo/24610d81-9de7-4a91-97fc-9bb4cf1b8c7e
- **J9U entity ID**: 987007552644805171
- **Lex ID**: Nairobi
- **OpenHistoricalMap relation ID**: 2862891
- **Vikidia article ID**: fr:Nairobi
- **SBN place ID**: TSAL000079
- **Vikidia article ID**: en:Nairobi
- **WikiKids ID**: Nairobi
- **Vikidia article ID**: it:Nairobi
- **‎Yale LUX ID**: place/2594dec6-5ad7-4c29-9b82-864ef69905b3
- **Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana ID**: nairobi-0
- **SNARC ID**: Q1381
- **Vikidia article ID**: es:Nairobi
- **ISNI**: 000000010791732X
- **GND ID**: 4041172-2
- **Library of Congress Authorities ID**: n79011090
- **VIAF cluster ID**: 264835402
- **SVKKL authority ID**: 0423566-Nairobi-Kena
- **Harper's tag**: nairobi
- **British Museum place ID**: x61211
- **Spanish Cultural Heritage thesauri ID**: geografico/1150908
- **Mapcarta ID**: Nairobi
- **IdRef ID**: 029153042
- **Canadiana Name Authority ID**: ncf10290894
- **Bibliothèque nationale de France ID**: 118650453
- **Freebase ID**: /m/05d49
- **Curlie ID**: Regional/Africa/Kenya/Localities/Nairobi/
- **GeoNames ID**: 184745
- **NDL Authority ID**: 00628843
- **GNS Unique Feature ID**: -2258072
- **Encyclopædia Britannica Online ID**: place/Nairobi
- **WOEID**: 1528488
- **Dewey Decimal Classification**: 2--67625
- **OpenStreetMap relation ID**: 9185096
- **MusicBrainz area ID**: 4cc373f3-8b60-400b-8aa3-6df3fe4ab8fb
- **FAST ID**: 1204373
- **Great Russian Encyclopedia Online ID (2017)**: 2246269
- **ISO 3166-2 code**: KE-110
- **BBC Things ID**: bfe2de9d-fde7-4781-89ca-1735ede10982
- **U.S. National Archives Identifier**: 10044568
- **OmegaWiki Defined Meaning**: 457020
- **NL CR AUT ID**: ge432139
- **FIPS 10-4 (countries and regions)**: KE05
- **Treccani ID**: nairobi
- **Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names ID**: 7001116
- **Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana ID (former scheme)**: 0045300
- **UN/LOCODE**: KENBO
- **National Library of Spain SpMaBN ID**: XX453921
- **UK Parliament thesaurus ID**: 11803
- **YSO ID**: 110125
- **CERL Thesaurus ID**: cnl00030086
- **Tripadvisor ID**: 294207
- **Facebook location ID**: 114751268540391
- **Gynopedia ID**: Nairobi
- **Encyclopædia Universalis ID**: nairobi
- **BBC News topic ID**: cq26565v4d9t
- **BabelNet ID**: 00015561n
- **Daum Encyclopedia ID**: b03n2669a
- **Comic Vine ID**: 4020-61168
- **De Agostini ID**: Nairobi
- **Great Norwegian Encyclopedia ID**: Nairobi
- **Online PWN Encyclopedia ID**: 3945429
- **Google Maps Customer ID**: 17856493610344092236
- **Interlingual Index ID**: i83637
- **Treccani's Enciclopedia Italiana ID**: nairobi

[^1]: [Africapolis Database: Kenya Urban Agglomerations](https://africapolis.org) (africapolis.org). Authors: OECD/SWAC. Publisher: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Published: 2025
[^2]: Roger S. Greenway, Timothy M. Monsma, Cities: missions' new frontier, (Baker Book House: 1989), p.163.
[^3]: [History of Mombasa](https://web.archive.org/web/20210126151126/http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/) (mombasa.go.ke). Publisher: Mombasa County. Published: 2018-07-28. Retrieved: 2019-06-14. Archived: 2021-01-26 · [web.archive.org](https://web.archive.org/web/20210126151126/http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/) · the original is offline
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[^5]: [Production](http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/) (eastafricasisal.com). Website: East Africa Sisal. Language: en-us. Retrieved: 2020-05-24. Archived: 2020-07-22 · [web.archive.org](https://web.archive.org/web/20200722121011/http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/)
[^6]: [The Geometry of Urban Layouts: A Global Comparative Study](https://books.google.com/books?id=Iuh6DAAAQBAJ&q=During+Kenya%27s+colonial+period%2C+the+city+became+a+centre+for+the+colony%27s+coffee%2C+tea+and+sisal+industry&pg=PA374) (books.google.com). Authors: Rashid, Mahbub. Publisher: Springer. Published: 2016-06-16. Identifiers: [ISBN 978-3-319-30750-3](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-319-30750-3). Language: en
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[^11]: [Nairobi, Kenya – Sunrise, sunset, dawn and dusk times, table](http://www.gaisma.com/en/location/nairobi.html) (gaisma.com). Authors: Gaisma. Retrieved: 2007-06-22. Archived: 2012-03-03 · [web.archive.org](https://web.archive.org/web/20120303001001/http://www.gaisma.com/en/location/nairobi.html)
[^12]: [Nairobi, Kiambu retain position as richest counties](https://nation.africa/kenya/business/nairobi-kiambu-retain-wealth-contribution-lead--3805872) (nation.africa). Published: 2022-05-06. Retrieved: 2022-08-02. Archived: 2022-08-12 · [web.archive.org](https://web.archive.org/web/20220812102857/https://nation.africa/kenya/business/nairobi-kiambu-retain-wealth-contribution-lead--3805872)
[^13]: [Gross County Product (GCP) 2021 – Kenya National Bureau of Statistics](https://www.knbs.or.ke/download/gross-county-product-gcp-2021/) (knbs.or.ke). Published: 2022-05-06. Retrieved: 2022-08-02. Archived: 2022-09-28 · [web.archive.org](https://web.archive.org/web/20220928232712/https://www.knbs.or.ke/download/gross-county-product-gcp-2021/)
[^14]: [Councillors, Wards & Constituencies](https://web.archive.org/web/20070327052635/http://www.nairobicity.org/departments/councillors.asp?search=%25&page=1) (nairobicity.org). Authors: Nairobi City Council. Retrieved: 2007-06-20. Archived: 2007-03-27 · [web.archive.org](https://web.archive.org/web/20070327052635/http://www.nairobicity.org/departments/councillors.asp?search=%25&page=1) · the original is offline
[^15]: [Living in Nairobi](https://web.archive.org/web/20070319092940/http://www.nairobicity.org/articles/default.asp?search=living) (nairobicity.org). Authors: Nairobi City Council. Retrieved: 2007-06-20. Archived: 2007-03-19 · [web.archive.org](https://web.archive.org/web/20070319092940/http://www.nairobicity.org/articles/default.asp?search=living) · the original is offline
[^16]: [Living in Nairobi](https://web.archive.org/web/20070319092940/http://www.nairobicity.org/articles/default.asp?search=living) (nairobicity.org). Authors: Nairobi City Council. Retrieved: 2007-06-20. Archived: 2007-03-19 · [web.archive.org](https://web.archive.org/web/20070319092940/http://www.nairobicity.org/articles/default.asp?search=living) · the original is offline
[^17]: [Urban Somali refugees call Nairobi's "Little Mogadishu" home](https://web.archive.org/web/20070617144406/http://news.monstersandcritics.com/africa/features/article_1233394.php/Urban_Somali_refugees_call_Nairobis_little_Mogadishu_home) (news.monstersandcritics.com). Authors: Monsters and Critics. Retrieved: 2007-06-20. Archived: 2007-06-17 · [web.archive.org](https://web.archive.org/web/20070617144406/http://news.monstersandcritics.com/africa/features/article_1233394.php/Urban_Somali_refugees_call_Nairobis_little_Mogadishu_home) · the original is offline
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[^19]: [2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census Volume I: Population by County and Sub-County](https://web.archive.org/web/20191113191208/https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county) (knbs.or.ke). Publisher: Kenya National Bureau of Statistics. Archived: 2019-11-13 · [web.archive.org](https://web.archive.org/web/20191113191208/https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county) · the original is offline
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[^22]: [Audio Slideshow: Dr. Biden Sees the Neighborhoods of Kenya](https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/blog/2010/06/08/audio-slideshow-dr-biden-sees-kibera-kenya) (obamawhitehouse.archives.gov). Authors: Tomasini, Anne. Publisher: The White House. Published: 2010-06-08. Retrieved: 2022-05-30. Archived: 2016-11-10 · [web.archive.org](https://web.archive.org/web/20161110062227/https://www.whitehouse.gov/blog/2010/06/08/audio-slideshow-dr-biden-sees-kibera-kenya)
[^23]: [Kibera: How slum lords cash in on misery](https://web.archive.org/web/20131012221211/http://www.thepeople.co.ke/21245/kibera-slum-lords-cash-misery/) (thepeople.co.ke). Retrieved: 2022-04-27. Archived: 2013-10-12 · [web.archive.org](https://web.archive.org/web/20131012221211/http://www.thepeople.co.ke/21245/kibera-slum-lords-cash-misery/) · the original is offline
[^24]: [Live Trading commences at Nairobi Securities Exchange](https://web.archive.org/web/20061103152926/http://www.millenniumit.com/esp/news_7.php) (millenniumit.com). Authors: Millennium IT. Retrieved: 2007-06-28. Archived: 2006-11-03 · [web.archive.org](https://web.archive.org/web/20061103152926/http://www.millenniumit.com/esp/news_7.php) · the original is offline
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[^163]: [Housing estate being developed at Stoney Athi](https://web.archive.org/web/20071014062115/http://www.kenyaengineer.com/newsdetails.php?NewsID=314&AuthorID=45&CountryID=7&NewsTypeID=16&IssueID=36) (kenyaengineer.com). Authors: Kenya Engineer. Retrieved: 2007-07-02. Archived: 2007-10-14 · [web.archive.org](https://web.archive.org/web/20071014062115/http://www.kenyaengineer.com/newsdetails.php?NewsID=314&AuthorID=45&CountryID=7&NewsTypeID=16&IssueID=36) · the original is offline
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[^165]: [Chinese Premier Li visits African branch of CCTV](https://web.archive.org/web/20140513040114/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/special/2014-05/12/c_133325883.htm) (news.xinhuanet.com). Publisher: xinhuanet. Published: 2014-05-12. Retrieved: 2015-02-08. Archived: 2014-05-13 · [web.archive.org](https://web.archive.org/web/20140513040114/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/special/2014-05/12/c_133325883.htm) · the original is offline
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[^168]: [Kenya chooses 'Life' for Oscar contest](https://variety.com/2012/film/awards/kenya-chooses-life-for-oscar-contest-1118059881/) (variety.com). Authors: Vourlias, Christopher. Newspaper: Variety. Publisher: Reed Business Information. Published: 2012-09-26. Retrieved: 2012-09-27. Archived: 2020-10-06 · [web.archive.org](https://web.archive.org/web/20201006200720/https://variety.com/2012/film/awards/kenya-chooses-life-for-oscar-contest-1118059881/)
[^169]: [PERSONAJES 'LA CASA DE PAPEL' – LOS ATRACADORES – Alba Flores es Nairobi](https://www.antena3.com/series/casa-de-papel/personajes/alba-flores-nairobi_2017033058de6fcf0cf2f2c8754dce89.html) (antena3.com). Published: 2017-03-31. Language: es. Retrieved: 2020-04-15. Archived: 2017-04-14 · [web.archive.org](https://web.archive.org/web/20170414203439/https://www.antena3.com/series/casa-de-papel/personajes/alba-flores-nairobi_2017033058de6fcf0cf2f2c8754dce89.html)
[^s1]: [archINFORM](https://www.archinform.net/ort/8464.htm) (archinform.net). Identifier: archINFORM location ID: 8464. Retrieved: 2018-08-06
[^s2]: [cnig.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/CNT-PVM_révisé_2020-01-27-1.pdf](http://cnig.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/CNT-PVM_r%C3%A9vis%C3%A9_2020-01-27-1.pdf) (cnig.gouv.fr)
[^s3]: [French order of 4 Nov. 1993 about names of states and capitals](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2864340)
[^s4]: [www.c40.org/es/steering-committee/governor-sakaja-arthur-johnson/](https://www.c40.org/es/steering-committee/governor-sakaja-arthur-johnson/) (c40.org)
[^s5]: [Nairobi City and the city of Raleigh, North Carolina ink twining agreement](https://nairobi.go.ke/nairobi-city-city-raleigh-north-carolina-ink-twining-agreement/) (nairobi.go.ke). Language: en. Retrieved: 2023-11-01

Composed by rule from Wikidata item Q3870 (composition/0.3, view/0.2, design/0.2).